Andrew Carnegie Dunfermline Fife Scotland

Andrew Carnegie, 1835-1919). Philanthropist. He was born on 25th November 1835 in
Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland, the son of a poor linen weaver. In 1848, during the depression that hitthe linen trade, the Carnegie family emigrated to the United States where they lived in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. There young Carnegie took to the weaving trade but, despairing of advancing in life, he moved to Pittsburgh to work as a telegraph messenger boy. A free library scheme in the city allowed Carnegie the opportunity of study but it was a timely investment in a railway company that put him on the road to gaining an immense fortune. He quickly acquired interests in railways, locomotive construction and iron works, and by dint of making sound investments, and exploiting an ability to foresee technological innovations, he had by 1901 amassed a private fortune of £60 million. By that time Carnegie's interests were changing from the making of money to its equal distribution among his fellow men, and he published his ideals in his credo The Gospel of Wealth (1900). First and foremost funds were set aside for the establishment of libraries in the United States and Britain on condition that they would be maintained by the local
authority. Six separate funds were established in the United States for educational advancement and in Britain he founded the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, the Carnegie Hero Trust and the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust. Carnegie received several public honours, including the Lord Rectorship of the Scottish universities; he bought the estate of Skibo in Sutherland as a summer retreat. His passionate concern for international peace resulted in the foundation of the Palace of Peace Carswell, in The Hague in 1903 but the outbreak of World War I dashed his ideals and put an end to his promotion of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany as 'a man of destiny'. Carnegie died on 11th August 1919 at Lennox, Massachusetts. Works include: An American Four Hand in Britain (1883); Round the World (1884); Triumphant Democracy (1886); The Gospel of Wealth (1900); The Empire of Business (1902); Life of James Watt (1905); Problems of Today (1908); J. van Dyke, ed., Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie (1920).

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